**“Issued by” means the issuing authority; “issued in” means the place of issue.**

- **Your H‑1B visa:** It was issued by the **United States**, through a U.S. embassy or consulate. For a free-text authority field, enter the post shown on your visa—for example, **“U.S. Consulate General, Chennai”** if Chennai issued it. If the field offers a country dropdown, select **United States of America**, even if you received the visa in India. [U.S. Department of State](https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/fees/visa-issuing-posts.html)

- **Your Indian passport:** The issuing authority is the **Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs**, acting through a passport office or Indian embassy/consulate. Copy the issuing authority printed in your passport if one is shown. Otherwise, **“Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India”** identifies the responsible authority; use the specific passport office or Indian mission if you know it. [Passport Seva](https://www.passportindia.gov.in/psp/GettingStarted)

- **Passport “issued in”:** Enter the **place of issue exactly as printed in your passport**, such as Mumbai or New York. VIDEX guidance distinguishes this city field from the issuing authority and issuing country. [VIDEX completion guide](https://www.visametric.com/storage/images/pages/files2/5dd7904389272-Videx-in-English-guide-%28Uzb_-21112019%29-min.pdf)

So “Government of India” identifies your passport’s issuing government, but the ministry or specific issuing office gives a more precise answer to a free-text **“Issued by”** field.